Keluaran 34:12
Konteks34:12 Be careful not to make 1 a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it become a snare 2 among you.
Keluaran 34:15
Konteks34:15 Be careful 3 not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land, for when 4 they prostitute themselves 5 to their gods and sacrifice to their gods, and someone invites you, 6 you will eat from his sacrifice;
[34:12] 1 tn The exact expression is “take heed to yourself lest you make.” It is the second use of this verb in the duties, now in the Niphal stem. To take heed to yourself means to watch yourself, be sure not to do something. Here, if they failed to do this, they would end up making entangling treaties.
[34:12] 2 sn A snare would be a trap, an allurement to ruin. See Exod 23:33.
[34:15] 3 tn The sentence begins simply “lest you make a covenant”; it is undoubtedly a continuation of the imperative introduced earlier, and so that is supplied here.
[34:15] 4 tn The verb is a perfect with a vav consecutive. In the literal form of the sentence, this clause tells what might happen if the people made a covenant with the inhabitants of the land: “Take heed…lest you make a covenant…and then they prostitute themselves…and sacrifice…and invite…and you eat.” The sequence lays out an entire scenario.
[34:15] 5 tn The verb זָנָה (zanah) means “to play the prostitute; to commit whoredom; to be a harlot” or something similar. It is used here and elsewhere in the Bible for departing from pure religion and engaging in pagan religion. The use of the word in this figurative sense is fitting, because the relationship between God and his people is pictured as a marriage, and to be unfaithful to it was a sin. This is also why God is described as a “jealous” or “impassioned” God. The figure may not be merely a metaphorical use, but perhaps a metonymy, since there actually was sexual immorality at the Canaanite altars and poles.
[34:15] 6 tn There is no subject for the verb. It could be rendered “and one invites you,” or it could be made a passive.
